Zuzanna Wróbel, Martyna Frątczak, Ľuboš Korytár, Anna Ondrejková, Piotr Tryjanowski
Ornis Polonica 2025, 66: 233–243
https://doi.org/10.12657/ornis.2025.3.4
Abstract: Avian pox caused by avian poxviruses (genus Avipoxvirus) is an infectious viral disease affecting both domestic and wild birds, which has gained increasing epidemiological significance in recent decades, particularly in Europe. To date, the genus Avipoxvirus includes twelve species, including A. canarypox, A. flamingopox, A. fowlpox, A. penguinpox, A. pigeonpox, A. quailpox, and A. turkeypox. Among the most vulnerable birds are passerines and diurnal birds of prey. Transmission is facilitated by biological vectors (mainly mosquitoes) and anthropogenic factors, such as intensive bird feeding. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of avian pox, incorporating literature data and insights from field observations and laboratory analyses. Special emphasis is placed on the role of field ornithology—especially health monitoring of birds at feeding stations—as an effective tool for detecting and mitigating the spread of the disease. Preventive strategies are also discussed, including feeder hygiene and public education for people involved in bird feeding. The findings highlight the need for an interdisciplinary approach to the protection of wild bird health and biodiversity, in which field-based research plays a vital role.
Keywords: avian pox, Avipoxvirus, bird feeding, field ornithology, wild bird diseases
