Michał Adamowicz
Ornis Polonica 2019, 60: 169–180
https://doi.org/10.12657/ornis.2019.3.0
Abstract: Galliformes are currently one of the most endangered bird groups in Poland. Human activity resulting in a significant transformation and depletion of the environment, and simplification of the landscape structure are among the main reasons for the decline in the species numbers. The Black Grouse Lyrurus tetrix is one of the fastest disappearing species in Poland. Its number has decreased in the last 40 years from almost 40 000 to about 300–400 individuals. To preserve this species, its effective protection is necessary. For this reason, it seems particularly important to precisely define the key elements of the environment preferred by the black grouse, including the non-breeding period. This research analyses the seasonal variability of the Black Grouse habitat preferences in the Biebrza Valley, one of the last lowland refuges of this species in Central Europe. The results show that the Black Grouse requires the presence of (i) extensive, preferably wet, open areas used as spring lek arenas and autumn feeding grounds, (ii) relatively dry areas, convenient for breeding, leading the chicks and moulting – especially during the breeding season, in summer, and to a lesser extent during the non-breeding period, especially in autumn, and (iii) young tree stands serving as winter food resource.
Keywords: Black Grouse, habitat preferences, phenological periods, seasonal variability, threats
